Falsified Alcohol: Multidisciplinary Forensic and Pharmaceutical, Criminal and Legal, Clinical and Pharmacological Study of Circulation and Factors of Destruction of Human Body
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v3i2.89Keywords:
forensic pharmacy, criminal law, clinical pharmacy, falsified alcohol, risks, consequencesAbstract
Falsified alcohol, also known as counterfeit or illicit alcohol, is a pervasive problem worldwide, posing serious threats to public health and safety. This abstract provides an overview of a multidisciplinary study that delves into the various aspects of falsified alcohol, including forensic and pharmaceutical, criminal and legal, clinical and pharmacological perspectives, with a focus on its circulation and the factors that contribute to its detrimental effects on the human body. Forensic and pharmaceutical analyses play a crucial role in the identification and characterization of falsified alcohol. Additionally, pharmaceutical investigations explore the packaging, labeling, and branding of falsified alcohol, uncovering the intricate web of counterfeit alcohol production and distribution networks. The criminal and legal aspects of falsified alcohol encompass a wide range of issues, including the illicit production, sale, and distribution of counterfeit alcohol, as well as the legal ramifications for those involved in its trade. This study examines the various criminal activities associated with falsified alcohol, such as smuggling, counterfeiting, and fraud, and the legal frameworks in place to combat these activities, including international conventions, regulations, and enforcement strategies. The clinical and pharmacological aspects of falsified alcohol delve into the health consequences of consuming counterfeit alcohol. Falsified alcohol can cause severe adverse effects on the human body, ranging from acute intoxication to long-term health damage, including organ failure, blindness, and even death. This study explores the clinical manifestations of falsified alcohol poisoning, the challenges in diagnosing and treating its victims, and the pharmacological mechanisms underlying its toxic effects. Furthermore, this study researches the circulation of falsified alcohol, including its routes of distribution, the key players involved in its trade, and the socioeconomic factors that contribute to its proliferation. The study also explores the factors that contribute to the destruction of the human body by falsified alcohol, including the chemical composition of counterfeit alcohol, the dose and duration of exposure, and the susceptibility of individuals to its toxic effects based on factors such as age, gender, genetics, and comorbidities. In conclusion, falsified alcohol poses significant threats to public health and safety, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensively understand its circulation and the factors that contribute to its detrimental effects on the human body. This study provides insights from forensic and pharmaceutical, criminal and legal, clinical and pharmacological perspectives, shedding light on the complexities of falsified alcohol and the need for concerted efforts from various disciplines to combat this pressing public health issue.
References
Harmful use of alcohol kills more than 3 million people each year, most of them men. WHO. 21.09.2018. URL: https://www.who.int/news/item/21-09-2018-harmful-use-of-alcohol-kills-more-than-3-million-people-each-year--most-of-them-men.
Law of Ukraine "On Advocacy and Advocacy Activitites". Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 2013. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5076-17#Text.
Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated January 17, 1995 No. 6 "On the development and improvement of the forensic medical service of Ukraine”. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0248-95#Text.
Constitution of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 1996. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text.
Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of the production and circulation of ethyl alcohol, cognac and fruit alcohol, alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, liquids used in electronic cigarettes, and fuel". Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 1995. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/481/95-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text.
Shapovalov V., Diachenko A. Interdisciplinary Forensic and Pharmaceutical Study of Illegal circulation of falsified alcoholic beverages to combat crime and prevent Public Health disorders. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2023. Vol.3. No.1. P.1-12. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v3i1.86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v3i1.86
Harmful effects of alcohol on the human body. Zolochiv District Office of the Main Office of the State Production and Consumer Service in Kharkiv Region. 03.06.2020. URL: https://zolochivska.gromada.org.ua/news/1591169594/.
Surrogate alcohol killed six people in Boryspil. Radio Svoboda. 22.05.2018. URL: https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news/29241597.html.
Half of poisonings with fake alcohol in recent years ended in death - statistics. Radio Svoboda. 2018. URL: https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-otruiennia-pidrobnym-alkoholem/29573263.html.
Sosin I.K., Chuiev Yu.F., Shapovalova V.O. et al. Narcology: National Textbook. Kharkiv: Kolehium. 2014. 1500 p.
Shapovalova V. Interdisciplinary Pharmacoeconomic Research Concerning the Рharmacotherapy of Alcoholic Hepatitis in Conditions of Covid-19 Pandemic. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2023. Vol. 3. No 2. P. 1-10. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v3i2.87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v3i2.87
Shapovalova V. The ICD-11 For the Twenty-First Century: The First View from The Organizational, Legal, Clinical and Pharmacological Aspects. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2022. Vol. 2. No 1. P. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i1.37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i1.37
Hayduchok I.G., Shapovalova V. O., Ishcheikin K.E. et al. Pharmacoeconomic approaches for pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Likars’ka Sprava. 2021. Vol. 1-2. Р. 70-79. URL: https://doi.org/10.31640/JVD.1-2.2021(11). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31640/JVD.1-2.2021(11)
Shapovalova V., Abrosymov O. Forensic and pharmaceutical qualification of the administrative offences connected with coursing of harm to heal of the population. SSP Modern Law and Practice. 2021. Vol. 1. No 1. Р. 1-7. URL: https://www.ssp.ee/index.php/mlp/article/view/19.
Gudzenko A., Shapovalov V., Shapovalov V. et al. Forensic pharmacy: analysis of complaints. RS Global Sp. z OO: Poland. Science Review. 2021. Vol. 2 (37). P. 1-6. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Viktoriia-Shapovalova-2/publication/369088250_Scholarly_Publisher_RS_Global/links/6408d443b1704f343fb4bbfe/Scholarly-Publisher-RS-Global.pdf.
Shapovalov V. (Jr.), Shapovalova V., Shapovalov V. Forensic and pharmaceutical research on the impact of drugs on the safety, life and health of road users within the organization of pharmaceutical business, drug technology, pharmaceutical and medical law in Ukraine. Health of Society. 2022. Vol. 10(4). Р. 127–132. URL: https://doi.org/10.22141/2306-2436.10.4.2021.246355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22141/2306-2436.10.4.2021.246355
Gudzenko A. A., Shapovalov V. (Jr.) V., Shapovalova V.А. et al. Organizational and legal, forensic and pharmaceutical researches of pharmaceutical provision for mental disorders of victims in the emergencies at regional level. Likars’ka Sprava. 2018. Vol. 7-8. P. 149-157. URL: https://doi.org/10.31640/JVD.7-8.2018(24). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31640/VD.7-8.2018(24)
Shapovalov V.V., Gudzenko A.A., Shapovalova V. A. et al. Results of the ABC/VEN-analysis of narcotic analgesic drugs used in the pharmacotherapy of malignant tumors. Likars’ka Sprava. 2018. Vol. 5-6. P. 162-168. URL: https://doi.org/10.31640/JVD.5-6.2018(28). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31640/JVD.5-6.2018(28)
Shapovalova V.А., Shapovalov V.V., Shapovalov V.V. et al. Forensic and pharmaceutical assessment of polydrug addiction at combined use of psychoactive substances. Likars’ka Sprava. 2018. Vol. 1-2. P. 171-177. URL: https://doi.org/10.31640/JVD.1-2.2018(29). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31640/JVD.1-2.2018(29)
Shapovalov V.V. (Jr.), Linskiy I.V. Evidence-based pharmacy: definition of the control regime for the medicines in the pharmaceutical correction schemes of the opioid dependence. Pharmaceutical Journal. 2013. No. 3. Р. 35-40. URL: https://pharmj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/399.
Shapovalov V. Forensic pharmacy, organization of pharmaceutical business, drug technology, medical, pharmaceutical, and criminal law: the state system of combating the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and their abuse in pandemic condition. SSP Modern Law and Practice. 2022. Vol.2. No.3. P.1-35. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v2i3.66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v3i1.80
Shapovalova V., Zakharchenko I. Organizational and legal approaches to reforming of the law enforcement system of Ukraine: illegal circulation of psychoactive substances and addictive dependence. SSP Modern Law and Practice. 2021. Vol. 1. Nо.1. P.1–22. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v1i1.20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v1i1.20
Shapovalov V. (Jr.), Gudzenko A., Shapovalova V. еt аl. Forensic and pharmaceutical study of the presence of a causal link between the degree of alcohol abuse and qualification level of the respondents. Pharmacia. 2017. Vol.66. Nо.3. Р. 31–39. URL: http://bsphs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Shapovalov.pdf.
Shapovalova V.A., Sosyn I.K., Butenko G.M. et al. Pharmaceutical law in narcology. Kharkov: "Fact". 2004. 800 p.
Osyntseva A. Polydrug addiction: multidisciplinary forensic and pharmaceutical, organizational and legal, and technological study of factors of formation and development. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2022. Vol.2. No.4. P.1-14. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i4.72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i4.72
Shapovalova V.A., Voloshyn P.V., Stefanov A.V. et al. Medicines for neurologists, psychiatrists and narcologists. Kh.: Fakt. 2003. 784 p.
Linskyi I.V., Minko O.I. Medical and pharmaceutical law: the current state and directions of reforming drug addiction care for the population of Ukraine. Ukraine Journal of Psychoneurology. 2012. T. 20. Issue 2 (71). Addition. P. 142-146.
Chuiev Y., Shapovalova V. Integrated ABC/VEN-analysis of drug prescriptions in pharmacotherapeutic schemes for relief of drunken forms of alcohol dependence. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2022. Vol.2. Nо.1. P.1-14. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i1.35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i1.35
Krasnianska T., Ponomarenko M. Organization of the pharmaceutical business, drug technology and forensic pharmacy: modern trends in the development of the science of pharmaceutical law during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2022. Vol.2. No.3. P.1-15. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i3.59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i3.59
Gryzodub O., Shapovalov V. Quality systems in Pharmacy: multidisciplinary context of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. SSP Modern Law and Practice. 2023. Vol.3. No.1. P.1-23. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v3i1.81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v3i1.81
Shapovalova V. Monkeypox virus – new challenges of modernity: experimental organizational and legal, clinical and pharmacological studies. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2022. Vol.2. N.3. P.1–15. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i3.54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i3.54
Shapovalova V. An Innovative multidisciplinary study of the availability of coronavirus vaccines in the world. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2022. Vol.2. N.2. P.1–17 URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i2.45.
Shapovalova V. Alcoholic Hepatitis: An experimental meta-analysis. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2023. Vol.3. No.1. P.1-11. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v3i1.77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v3i1.77
Shapovalov V. Intentional homicides committed while under the influence of alcohol during the pandemic: an interdisciplinary forensic and pharmaceutical, forensic and medical, forensic and narcological, criminalistics, and criminal and law study of a contemporary problem. SSP Modern Law and Practice. 2022. Vol.2. No.4. P.1-32. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v2i4.74.
Shapovalov V.V., Linsky I.V. Forensic pharmacy: the study of disposition to health addictive disorders pf the drug addiction patients with deviant behavior. Pharmaceutical Journal. 2011. Issue 6. P. 30-34. URL: https://pharmj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/564.
Shapovalov V.V., Linsky I.V. Forensic pharmacy, forensic narcology: scoring method of the predisposing to psychical and behavioral frustrations health by reason of psychoactive substances abusing. Pharmaceutical Journal. 2010. Issue 1. P. 36-41. URL: https://pharmj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/864.
Harmful effect of alcohol on the human body". Pokrovsky district branch of the branch of the State institution "Probation Center" in the Dnipropetv region. Mysta.ua. 2023. URL: https://mistaua.com/%D0 D1%8E/211681/?setcity=365.
Shapovalov V.V. (mol.), Shapovalova V.O., Shapovalov V.V. et al. Analiz asortymentu likarskykh zasobiv, shcho mistiat u svoiemu skladi spyrt etylovyi (etanol) na zasadakh sudovoi farmatsii. East European Scientific Journal (Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe). 2016. N. 8, vol. 4. Р. 147–156.
Shapovalov V. (Jr.), Gudzenko A., Shapovalova V. at. el. Forensic and pharmaceutical study of the presence of a causal link between the degree of alcohol abuse and qualification level of the respondents. Pharmacia. 2017. Vol. 66. N. 3. Р. 31–39. URL: http://bsphs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Shapovalov.pdf.
Chuiev Y., Shapovalova V. Interdisciplinary pharmacoeconomic study of pharmacotherapy of cupping of drunk forms of alcohol dependence: clinical and pharmacological, organizational, legal and marketing experiment. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2021. Vol. 1. N. 2. P. 1-12. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v1i2.24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v1i2.24
Shapovalova V.O., Vasina Y.V., Shapovalov V.V. et al. Study of turnover extemporaneous preparations in Ukraine on the basis of pharmaceutical law. Pharmaceutical Journal. 2016. No 1. Р. 77-85. URL: https://pharmj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/155.
Ryabukha O. COVID-19 Pandemic encourages to deepen the study of the thyroid gland: correlation portraits as a means of research in different directions of follicular thyrocytes activities. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2022. Vol.2. No.1. P.1-21. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i1.40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i1.40
More than 70% of deceased patients with COVID-19 in Ukraine had cardiovascular diseases. LB.ua. 06.04.2020. URL: https://lb.ua/society/2020/04/06/454633_bolee_70_umershih_patsientov.html.
The effect of COVID-19 on alcohol consumption, and policy responses to prevent harmful alcohol consumption. OECD. 19.05.2021. URL: https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/the-effect-of-covid-19-on-alcohol-consumption-and-policy-responses-to-prevent-harmful-alcohol-consumption-53890024/.
Jones L, Hameiri S. Explaining the failure of global health governance during COVID-19. International Affairs. 2022. Vol. 98, Issue 6. P. 2057–2076. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac231
Shapovalova V.A., Zbrozhek S.I., Shapоvalov V.V. et al. Coronavirus disease pandemia 2019: growth of epidemic dangers. Acta scientific pharmaceutical sciences. 2020. Vol. 4. Iss. 7. P. 61–68. URL: https://www.actascientific.com/ASPS/ASPS-04-0559.php. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31080/ASPS.2020.04.0559
Tukhar I., Shapovalova V., Shapovalov V. et al. Pharmacological view on the problem of comorbidity in the pharmacotherapy of chronic pancreatitis. Science Review. 2021. Vol. 3. No. 38. P.1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_sr/30072021/7591. URL: https://rsglobal.pl/index.php/sr/article/view/1995.
Shapovalov V. Multidisciplinary Study of Medical Errors in the System of Legal Relations Between "Doctor-Patient-Pharmacist-Advocate" During the Circulation of Drugs. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2023. Vol.3. No.2. P.1-11. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v3i2.88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v3i2.88
Hayduchok І., Shapovalov V. Covid-19: multidisciplinary researches of forensic and pharmaceutical risks and causal relationships of unqualified medical care for patients during pandemic. 2022. SSP Modern Law and Practice. Vol.2. No.1. P.1-25. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v2i1.39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmlp.v2i4.74
Shapovalova V. An Innovative multidisciplinary study of the availability of coronavirus vaccines in the world. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2022. Vol.2. N.2. P.1–17 URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i2.45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i2.45
Shapovalova V. Forensic and pharmaceutical risks in the organization of pharmacotherapy of covid, post-covid and long-covid disorders. COVID-19 and vaccination practice standards. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine. 2022. Vol. 2. No. 4. P. 1–24. URL: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i4.69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v2i4.69
Assessment of the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on Ukraine. Crisis Response and Post-Crisis Recovery Action Plan. Ukraine.UN. 2020. 173c. URL: https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/SEIA_UKR.pdf.
14.9 million excess deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. WHO. 05.05.2022. URL: https://www.who.int/news/item/05-05-2022-14.9-million-excess-deaths-were-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-2020-and-2021.
The number of fatal alcohol poisonings decreased four times. Opendatabot. 06.08.2021. URL: https://opendatabot.ua/analytics/alcohol-death-2.
Caution - poisoning with surrogate alcohol! Department of Health of the Kropyvnytskyi City Council. 03.04.2023 URL: https://uozkmr.gov.ua/main/1822-oberezhno-otruyennya-surogatnim-alkogolem.html.
Caution - poisoning with surrogate alcohol! The main department of the State Production and Consumer Service in Lviv region. 10.03.2017. URL: https://lvivdpss.gov.ua/oberezhno-otrujennya-surohatnym-alkoholem/.
Prevention of poisoning with surrogate alcohol. Charitable village council of Pervomaysky district of Mykolaiv region. 19.08.2022. URL: https://blagodatnenska-gromada.gov.ua/news/1660897903/
Operational information on poisoning with falsified dangerous alcohol as of November 10, 2016. State Production and Consumer Service. 10.11.2016 URL: https://dpss.gov.ua/news/operativna-informaciya-pro-otruyennya-falsifikovanim-nebezpechnim-alkogolem-stanom-10112016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5120/ijais2016451567
Chernyavskyi V.M. Let's take care of our health together! How to protect yourself from alcohol poisoning. State Production and Consumer Service. 11.01.2017. URL: https://consumer-cv.gov.ua/blog/2017/01/11/yak-vberegtysya-vid-alkogolnogo-otruyennya/.
Six members of an organized group who illegally manufactured and sold alcoholic beverages and tobacco products in the city of Dnipro will be tried. Dnipropetrovsk Regional Prosecutor's Office. 11.04.2023. URL: https://dnipr.gp.gov.ua/ua/news.html?_m=publications&_c=view&_t=rec&id=331631.
The activity of a group of persons involved in the illegal production and sale of counterfeit alcohol was terminated. Odesa Regional Prosecutor's Office. 04.04.2023. URL: https://od.gp.gov.ua/ua/news.html?_m=publications&_c=view&_t=rec&id=331130.
Criminal Code of Ukraine. Verkovna Rada of Ukraine. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14/page15#Text.
Shapovalov (Jr.) V., Gudzenko A., Shapovalova V. et al. Forensic and pharmaceutical analysis of addictive morbidity because of the use of narcotic psychoactive substances in Ukraine (retrospective aspect). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2018. Vol. 3. Is.3. P.22-25. URL: http://www.pharmacyjournal.net/archives/2018/vol3/issue3.
Osym Y. In a village in the Lviv region, warehouses of falsified alcohol worth a million hryvnias were discovered. Lviv portal. 05.03. 2021. URL: https://portal.lviv.ua/news/2021/03/05/u-seli-na-lvivshchyni-vykryly-sklady-falsyfikovanoho-alkoholiu-na-miljon-hryven.
Zakharchenko N. Law enforcement agencies of Chornobayiv district are investigating the fact of poisoning people with surrogate alcohol. Information publication of Cherkasy region "VyCherpno". 06.10.2016. URL: https://vycherpno.ck.ua/pravoohoronnimi-organami-chornobayivskogo-rajonu-rozsliduyetsya-fakt-otruyennya-lyudej-surogatnim-alkogolem/.
Zozulya I.S., Kurdyl N.V., Padalka V.N. et al. Acute alcohol poisoning in adults, alcoholic coma: practical recommendations at the hospital stage. Ukrainian medical journal. 2017. No. 3(119). URL: https://www.umj.com.ua/article/110491/gostri-otruyennya-alkogolem-u-doroslih-alkogolna-koma-praktichni-rekomendatsiyi-na-dogospitalnomu-etapi.
The effect of alcohol on the human body. Communal Enterprise "Regional Center of Public Health" of the Dniepropetrovsk Regional Council. 13.04.2023. URL: https://dniprophc.com.ua/gromadyanam/promoc%D1%96ya-zdorovya/borotba-z%D1%96-shk%D1%96dlivimi-zvichkami/the-effect-of-alcohol-on-the-human-body/#:~:text=.
Nedashkivskyi S.M. Methanol poisoning: diagnosis, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, intensive therapy. Modern approaches. Emergency medicine. 2017. No. 1 (80). URL: http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article_print/44180.
Alcohol and liver disease. British Liver Trust. 2023. URL: https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/risks-and-causes/alcohol/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&gclid=CjwKCAjw8-OhBhB5EiwADyoY1XFdtEU74OGmTlua7CB05fWK_vZrrzUMUezRch8SszBj0QhbadV2bRoCiVcQAvD_BwE.
Gonzalez I. Everything You Need to Know About the Harms of Alcohol. The Temper. 29.04.2019. URL: https://www.thetemper.com/alcohol-awareness-month-facts/.
Large-scale underground production of alcohol was exposed in the Kyiv region - more than 15 thousand liters of "product" were seized. Kyiv City Prosecutor's Office. 14.04.2023. URL: https://kyiv.gp.gov.ua/ua/news.html?_m=publications&_t=rec&id=331887.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Valerii Shapovalov
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
